Lebanon is one of the most important reasons the ceasefire remains contested. The CRS brief says Israeli military operations continued there as of April 9, even as the broader U.S.-Iran ceasefire was announced. That means the ceasefire did not immediately stop violence in all theaters linked to the conflict, and the disagreement over scope could undermine the entire arrangement.

The report describes a sharp public split over whether the ceasefire includes Lebanon. Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif wrote that the agreement would apply everywhere, including Lebanon, while Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the two-week ceasefire did not include Lebanon. Vice President Vance called this a “legitimate misunderstanding,” but the practical consequence is the same: different parties are acting as if the agreement means different things.